Introduction Today, with advances in all sciences, we must always look for a way best use plant residues and turn them into valuable products. A consequence of improving family life standards and consistent industrial development is a higher demand for energy usage. Nowadays, agricultural residues are produced in huge quantities and could be considered as a promising source for renewable energy generation. Bagasse is one of the major sources of sugarcane production. The production of valuable products from Bagas, in addition to having economic benefits, can reduce the environmental damage caused by burning them. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the utilization of sugarcane bagasse as a major by-product of the sugarcane industry. Another very valuable substance produced from sugarcane bagasse, which we will discuss in this study, is bio compressed coal. Valorization of sugarcane bagasse to engineered biochar using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) presents a perspective source to substitute conventional fossil fuels. HTC process offers the benefits of converting the sugarcane bagasse into biochar and bio-oil. In this process, biomass is usually conducted in the temperature range of 180– 250 ◦ C. HTC technique is promoted as one way of reducing carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, which mostly generated through open burning of crop residues. Besides the utilization of power/heat generation for sugarcane industries, bagasse may find other potential applications, for instance: electricity generation, biogas production, livestock feed/compost production, and also bioethanol production. The unique features of biochar generated through HTC process are its portability, high volumetric energy density, hydrophobicity, and wear ability. Materials and Methods In this research, sugarcane waste was obtained from Hakim Farabi Sugarcane Cultivation and Industry Company in Ahvaz. The hydrothermal carbonization process was performed in a batch reactor at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The parameters studied in this study include the retention time of the material inside the reactor (30, 75, and 120 minutes), bagasse mass to water ratio (0. 15, 0. 20, and 0. 30) and the pressure inside the reactor (10, 12. 5 and 15 bar). In order to measure the pressure, a Nuova FiMa barometer was used, which was able to measure the pressure values up to 25 bar. A temperature control system model HANYoung ED6 was used, which was equipped with a ceramic heater with a diameter of 230 mm and a height of 230 mm to provide heat for the process. The PARR1266 calorie bomb device was employed to measure the calorific value of the samples. The moisture content of the samples was also measured using ASTM-2010a standard. In this experimental work, the Response surface method was employed to investigate the effect of input parameters (i. e., pressure, residence time, and water-to-biomass) on the Response parameter (i. e., HHV and energy consumption). Design Expert ver. 10 software was used to predict the corresponding models. The obtained models provided a good relationship between the independent/dependent parameters. Results and Discussion The HTC process was analyzed using a Response Surface Method to derive predicted models for the HHV and energy parameters. The results obtained showed that all provided models could successfully predict the HTC process. According to the results, the models developed were statistically significant at the level of 1%. The multi-regression models between the input/Response variables were obtained as second-order quadratic equations. The F-value for the residence time, water-to-bagasse, and pressure were 2417, 286, and 1185, respectively. The value of F-value of each derived model indicates the significance of the studied parameters. The parameters of water-to-bagasse and pressure had a more significant effect compared to the residence time factor. The R-square value for this study was achieved as 0. 0996, indicating that the proposed model was able to evaluate the experimental data thoroughly. A multi-objective optimization technique was used to achieve an optimal HTC process condition with the maximum possible amount of desirability value. Conclusion The optimum amount of water-to-bagasse, pressure, and residence time was calculated using the Response surface techniques. A pressure of 11 bar, the residence time of 38 min, and water-to-bagasse of 0. 15 were found to be optimal values. The findings of this study indicate that at optimal input variables, the value of calorific value and used energy was 21 Mj/kg and 0. 09 kWh, respectively.

Fast Response as the most important competitive aspect enables organizations to be productive. One of the factors to increase Fast Response organization is organizational learning. In this paper the effect of organizational learning on increasing Fast Response organization was examined and we argue that Fast Response organization will be achieved when which we have balanced organizational learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of establishing Fast Response organizations based on components of organizational learning. The current research method regarding to the intrinsic, was descriptive and correlation. The survey of the project was based on structural equations model. The statistical population of the present study included all employees of Industry, Mine and Trade organization of Kermanshah province that by using simple random sampling method, 155 persons according to Cochran formula were selected as sample of the study. Research data collection instruments were Statistical software standard questionnaire. Research data after gathering were analyzed by Statistical software of SPSS and LISREL. Results showed that the effect of organizational learning on Fast Response organizations is positive and significant; as well as, component of shared vision among dimensions of organizational learning had of the greatest effective on Fast Response organizations. Therefore, planning further studies in order to better recognition of factors could be one of the basic strategies in order to establish of Fast Response organizations.

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) strips are very thin actuators in the form of a sandwich composite with an electroactive polymer in the core and two metal electrodes on its sides. In this paper, a multi-scale electrochemical-mechanical analysis of actuation time Response of an IPMC composite strip is performed. First, the electrochemical Response of IPMC primary motion stemming from electrostatic force, viscous force of ionic cluster motion in the polymer matrix solvent, and diffusive force caused by the concentration potential are obtained by a hydraulic model. The solution methods in the space domain include finite element numerical analysis based on Glerkin's formulation, and Euler's integration method in the time domain. Then, the solvent transport equation is written, and the rate of eigen strain and bending moment of the IPMC actuator is obtained. By extracting the amount of cluster concentration in the boundary layer of cathode and anode, the displacement Response of the end of the beam is determined. The results of the model are validated with previous available studies. The results show a reasonable fit between the Response of the IPMC actuator and the electrical excitation, and confirm that the presented model provides the prediction of the Fast Response of IPMC strip.

In this study, affecting factors on customer loyalty of Parsian Bank and EN Bank based organizations respond to rapid scale model based on service quality, reliability, speed of service, flexibility, innovation and also studied image and their influence on customers loyalty of these Banks in the six hypotheses analyzed and the level of customer loyalty was investigated.Population research, customers of the Bank Persians and EN Bank in Tehran based on sample stage cluster random is number of 270 customers of each bank. Based on data analysis of this research, all factors considered in the on customer loyalty of Parsian Bank and EN Bank was effective and factors of service quality, reliability, speed of service, flexibility, innovation and also studied image were the highest effect on customer loyalty.Also based on this study of samples studied, the reliability of service and image with customers in the Parsian Bank is than better of EN Bank, in other aspects these banks are almost similar conditions. According to research, though private banks in terms of service quality, reliability, speed of service are in good condition and largely have been successful to create the appropriate image in the mind of own customers, but the factors of flexibility and innovation are so important characteristics of organizations to respond quickly, in terms of their customers than other factors are at lower level. Therefore, more attention to use the innovation and flexibility in providing services, it seems necessary to reinforce the strengths and eliminate weaknesses of Private Bank based on these questionnaires; in this study recommendations are presented.